手把手教你路由器静态路由配置
发布时间:2024-04-14 13:20:57 浏览量:23
本文给大家讲解一下路由器静态路由配置。
实验背景
学校有新旧两个校区，每个校区是一个独立的局域网，为了使新旧校区能够正常相互通讯，共享资源。每个校区出口利用一台路由器进行连接，两台路由器间学校申请了一条 2M的 DDN 专线进行相连，要求做适当配置实现两个校区的正常相互访问。
技术原理
路由器属于网络层设备，能够根据 IP 包头的信息，选择一条最佳路径，将数据包转发出去。实现不同网段的主机之间的互相访问。路由器是根据路由表进行选路和转发的。而路由表里就是由一条条路由信息组成。
生成路由表主要有两种方法：手工配置和动态配置，即静态路由协议配置和动态路由协议配置。
静态路由是指有网络管理员手工配置的路由信息。
静态路由除了具有简单、高效、可靠的优点外，它的另一个好处是网络安全保密性高。缺省路由可以看做是静态路由的一种特殊情况。当数据在查找路由表时，没有找到和目标相匹配的路由表项时，为数据指定路由。
实验步骤
新建 packet tracer 拓扑图
（1）在路由器 R1、R2 上配置接口的 IP 地址和 R1 串口上的时钟频率 （2）查看路由器生成的直连路由 （3）在路由器 R1、R2 上配置静态路由 （4）验证 R1、R2 上的静态路由配置 （5）将 PC1、PC2 主机默认网关分别设置为路由器接口 fa 1/0 的 IP 地址
实验设备
pc 2 台；Router-PT 可扩展路由 2 台（Router_2811 无 V.35 线接口）；Switch_2960 2 台；
DCE 串口线；直连线；交叉线
PC1
IP: 192.168
.1.2
Submask: 255.255
.255.0
Gateway: 192.168
.1.1
PC2
IP: 192.168
.2.2
Submask: 255.255
.255.0
Gateway: 192.168
.2.1
R1
en
conf t
hostname R1
int fa 1/0
no shut
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255
.255.0
exit
int serial 2/0
no shut
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255
.255.0
clock rate 64000
#必须配置时钟速率才可通信，单位为bps，bps比特率是指每秒传送的比特(bit)数。单位为 bps(Bit Per Second)，比特率越高，每秒传送数据就越多。
end
R2
en
conf t
hostname R2
int fa 1/0
no shut
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255
.255.0
exit
int serial 2/0ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255
.255.0
no shut
end
R1
en
conf t
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168
.3.2
end
show ip route
R2
en
conf t
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168
.3.1
end
show ip route
<以上代码可复制粘贴，可往左滑>
实战演练
配置路由器
R1
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# hostname R1 fa 1/0 #no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up #ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 #exit serial 2/0 #no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down #ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 #clock rate 64000 #end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2 Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no Press RETURN to get started! Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. #hostname R2 fa 1/0 #no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up #ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 #exit serial 2/0 #ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 #no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up #end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R2# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2# 添加路由 R1 R1>en R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. #ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 #end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show ip route , I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area route, o - ODR route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 R1# R2 R2>en R2#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. #ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 #end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R2#show ip route , I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area route, o - ODR route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 R2#
<以上代码可复制粘贴，可往左滑>
测 试
PC1 ping PC2
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168
.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255
.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168
.1.1
PC>ping 192.168
.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32
bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=126Ping statistics for 192.168
.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25
% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 25ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 26
ms
PC>ping 192.168
.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32
bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=33ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=126Ping statistics for 192.168
.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0
% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 28ms, Maximum = 33ms, Average = 29
ms
PC2 ping PC1
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168
.2.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255
.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168
.2.1
PC>ping 192.168
.1.2
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32
bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=26ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=126Ping statistics for 192.168
.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0
% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 24ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 26
ms
<以上代码可复制粘贴>
总 结
有关路由器静态路由配置到此结束，希望对大家有帮助！
